What the Portuguese took to
A better knowledge of cartography, geography, the art of navigation, astronomy, the art of printing, a new vocabulary:
Banco banko (bank)
Biombo yobo (screen)
Bolo boro (cake)
Chá Tehá (tea)
Iene yen
Judo judo
Maçã masan (apple)
Manteiga manteika (butter)
Pão pan (Bread)
Portuguese Japanese
The Portuguese also introduced the first rifles in
«With this object a wall of iron may be smashed and it can even kill men and animals».
At the beginning its name was unknown as was the purpose it served. Later, they called it «teppô» (tube of iron)».
«may I Know the ultimate secret?»
The barbarians answered: «The whole secret is this:
your heart must be kept upright and one eye closed».
«If you teach me to forge iron and make rifles I will give you my humble daughter in recompense».
Teppô-Ki (1596-1614)
… and FAP
Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy in
The most recent references indicate that there are about 334 patients in
The largest cluster is found in the
The Portuguese voyages to North America and the Corte Real captaincy of
During the summer of 1500, Gaspar Corte-Real makes his second voyage to
Trying to find his brother Gaspar, Miguel Corte-Real leaves
Edmundo B. Delebarre, from Brown University, discovered on the «Dighton Rock», Massachusetts, a Portuguese coat of arms and the inscription «Miguel Corte-Real V Dei Hic Dux Ind» («Miguel Corte-Real by the will of God chief of the Indians»), dated from 1511, which he took as a marker set up by Miguel's followers to commemorate his death.
Portuguese immigration and cod fishing in
The Portuguese captaincy of
The Portuguese emigration to
Portuguese community in
FAP in
In spite of the Portuguese presence in Newfoundland for almost five centuries and, in particular, in spite of the continuous presence of Portuguese fishermen from areas where FAP is more prevalent, no local cases are known at present in Newfoundland.
There are recent immigrants who belong to Portuguese families registered at the Centro Estudos de Paramiloidose. To the best of our Knowledge, no other Canadian cases have been found; we mailed a survey letter to some physicians in
The Portuguese communities of the
The 1980 census of the American population registered a total of 1,024,351 Americans who declared Portuguese ancestry; the Portuguese (legal) aliens numbered 209,968. The numbers usually stated by the Portuguese communities are, however, much bigger; somewhere between 1.5 and 3 million Portuguese born or Portuguese descendents live in the
Portuguese-Americans with FAP
Several patients from Portuguese families registered at the Centro de Estudos da Paramiliodose live in the
Non-Portuguese American Families
A Few FAP families, with no known Portuguese ancestors, have been described in the
The discovery (1500)
«We launched the canoes and skiffs and the captain, (Pedro Alvares Cabral) sent Nicolau Coelho to the shore in one of the said canoes. Already on the beach there were between 18 and 20 men, dark skinned and completely naked, armed with bows and arrows. There was no possible form of speech or understanding between them but Nicolau Coelho gave them a red woollen cap and a black sunshade and, in return, one of the Indians offered him a sunshade made of birds' feathers and a necklace of beads».
Adaptation of a letter written by Pero Vaz de Caminha on 2 nd May, 1500.
The Colonization
The first methodical idea of colonization begins in 1516 when King Manuel sends settlers there and orders the construction of sugar mills. Later on «Donatarias or Capitanias» were created: the coastal territory is divided into twelve parts and distributed to the respective «donatários».
«In this district alone (
The colonists' way of life is, from the beginning, the planting and production of sugar, the rearing of cattle, the exploitation of Brazil-wood and the production of cotton.
From 1598 the exploration of the interior is organized. Expeditions called «Bandeiras» are formed and include all manner of people, men of every qualification, Indians from all tribes, even women, priests and children. The principal aim of the «Bandeiras» is the search for gold and slaves. These expeditions reached their peak in the 18th century, an epoch during which gold from
The Jesuits
The priests of the Company of Jesus play an important part in the colonization of
(Tomé de Sousa , 1553).
Some of them have very advanced ideas on the exploitation of the Indians:
«and because the injustices that are perpetrated against these poor and most miserable of people are indescribable, I shall say only how they may be remedied:
… That governors have no jurisdiction whatever over the said Indians, either to rule them, apportion them or for any purpose.
…that the said Indians shall have a general procurator in each district.
… that, in order that the said Indians shall have time to attend to their own work and their families […] no Indian shall work away from his village for more than 4 months in any one year».
(Letter written by Father Antonio Vieira to the King in 1654).
Primitive emigration to
During the Spanish occupation (1580-1640), the conditions of near famine in
«At the end of 16th century,
(Frei Luis de Sousa, Annals of D. João III) During the 17th and 18th centuries the sugar industries decline as well profits from Brazil-wood. The exploitation of precious metals becomes the predominant activity and the state of Minas Gerais, the economic center of
The conspiracy of «Minas gerais» in 1789, the settling of King João VI in
the process of the independence of
Recent Emigration
During the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th,
In the 50's emigration to
FAP in
The number of Brazilian FAP patients registered in the Centro de Estudos de Paramiloidose is rather low. There should be many more cases.
The progressive discovery of the coast of
«Arriving at the
«Traders travelling the interior marched in caravans of whites, negroes and mulattos, sometimes commanding, 5,000 people, mostly slaves, carrying the cloths they would trade, the gifts for the tribal chiefs and the arms by which they would be feared and respected. […]
During the journey many would die, some were born to die soon as well. Those who return did not stay long and would leave for a new adventure». (idem)
The white population in
At the end of the 19th century, the territories of the Portuguese colonies in Africa are established –
The Colonial War (1961-1974)
The international effort to persuade the Portuguese government to give independence to the coloniesT begins in 1955, soon after
The refusal of the government leads to the beginning of the guerrilla fighting that soon extends to most territories:
The end of the war, the decolonization and the return home of over 500,000 Portuguese settlers.
Comments
